![]() This, coupled with the risk of severe reactions after unintentional exposure, is a source of significant distress. Patients must follow a restrictive diet and carry autoinjective epinephrine. Īs with other tree nut allergies, hazelnut allergy usually first manifests during childhood and tends to persist throughout life. However, there is a wide geographical variation in the relative frequency of cross-reactive and primary sensitization, with different molecular allergens playing different roles across Europe. In these cases, the implicated hazelnut allergens are typically seed storage proteins (SSPs) and lipid transfer proteins (LTPs). In contrast, patients who are primarily sensitized to hazelnuts may experience systemic reactions or anaphylaxis upon ingestion. ![]() This is usually caused by IgE reactivity to panallergens such as pathogenesis related-10 (PR-10) found in hazelnuts and pollens, particularly in birch pollen. Individuals who are primarily sensitized to seasonal pollens may experience mild oropharyngeal symptoms when consuming hazelnuts, which is referred to as oral allergy syndrome (OAS). Hazelnut allergy can present in different ways depending on the individual’s sensitization. It can also reverse metabolic syndrome and has the potential to reduce cancer-related and all-cause mortality. The regular addition of small quantities of nuts (including hazelnuts) to a balanced diet can lower cardiovascular risk, the risk of stroke, and diabetes mellitus type two. They are an energy-dense food with high nutritional value. Hazelnuts play an important role in the diet of many European countries, being often used as ingredients in complex preparations, as well as consumed independently, in toasted or raw form. The tree that produces hazelnuts is the common hazel, Corylus avellana, which is a member of the birch family. In Southern Europe, nuts are the second most common trigger of food anaphylaxis after cow’s milk. It is part of the tree nut family, together with walnut, almond, cashew, pistachio, and pecan. Hazelnut is a common culprit of food-induced systemic allergic reactions and anaphylaxis in Europe, especially in young children. This review aims to provide an overview of the current knowledge of the natural history of hazelnut allergy and new approaches for its diagnosis and management. Patients can be categorized based on their risk for severe reactions using various clinical, in vivo, and in vitro tests, including component-resolved diagnosis and oral food challenge. However, oral allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is a promising treatment option. Currently, there is no curative treatment available for hazelnut allergy, and patients must adhere to a restrictive diet and carry autoinjective epinephrine. ![]() Although symptoms can appear in early childhood, they often continue into adulthood, with a minority of cases improving during adolescence. Compared to other types of food allergies, allergies to tree nuts, including hazelnuts, tend to persist throughout life. Hazelnut allergy is the most prevalent type of nut allergy in Europe, with symptoms that can range from mild, such as hives and itching, to severe, such as anaphylaxis, particularly in patients who are sensitized to highly stable allergens, such as storage proteins.
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